#1,064: Of Sonnets, Citizenship and Salad Bowls: Becoming an American is No Piece of Cake
“Lady Liberty”
For a country whose very greatness has long been owed to its many, many immigrants, it is incomprehensible - not to mention a bit oxymoronic - just how long America has been beset by deep-seated xenophobia. German Lutherans, Irish Catholics, Chinese, Eastern European Jews, Hispanics, Somalis; they’ve, all been, at one time or another, caught in the political/cultural crosshairs. Never has there been a country built by such a vast array of people from “the four corners of the earth” as it used to be put. But it hasn’t been easy or without prejudice. With each fresh wave entering upon our shores (or walking across our borders or landing at our airports), new conspiracies and what we might call “carcinogenic misconceptions” have come into play. And yet, despite the many social, cultural and economic disabilities which have awaited these newcomers, America continues to this day to be - mostly - “The land of the free and the home of the brave,” as somewhat ironically envisioned by the aristocratic Southern slave owning/attorney/reluctant patriot, Francis Scott Key, whose best known poem, Defense of Fort McHenry, eventually provided the lyrics for our National Anthem.
Without question, the greatest symbol of America vis-a-vis our long - though frequently tainted - history of welcoming immigrants from all nations, is the Statue of Liberty, AKA Lady Liberty. A gift to America from the people of the French Republic, it was meant to celebrate the enduring friendship between the two nations, commemorate the centennial of American independence (1876), and honor the shared ideals of liberty and democracy, particularly following the abolition of slavery. According to the original agreement, France would pay for the creation, construction and transportation of the 151 foot tall (46 meters) bronze statue; the people of the United States would cover the cost for its base. (n.b.: with its base, Lady Liberty’s total height was/is 395 feet [93 meters]).
Emma Lazarus
The classic Petrarchan sonnet at the statue’s base, The New Colossus, was written by the 33-year-old Emma Lazarus, the fourth of seven children, born in New York City to a wealthy Sephardic Jewish family of Portuguese descent. Lazarus (1849-1887), the daughter of a highly successful sugar merchant, received a first-class education and early on, decided to become a writer. Her father, Moses, was one of her biggest supporters and he decided to publish her first book of poems (called Poems and Translations: Written Between the Ages of Fourteen and Sixteen for “private circulation.” Shortly after its publication, Lazarus decided to send a copy of this, her first book, to the famous writer Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson quickly became her mentor and when she published her next book of poetry in 1871, she dedicated the main poem, “To My Friend, Ralph Waldo Emerson.” This book, entitled Admetus and Other Poems, received critical acclaim. Widely traveled and highly engaged in civic committees dealing with anti-Semitism, Zionism, and the treatment of Jews in Europe, Lazarus wrote "The New Colossus" for a fundraising effort to secure the pedestal upon which to mount the Statue of Liberty. The poem was not physically attached to the Statue of Liberty until 1903, over a dozen years after Lazarus's death in 1887.
During the twentieth century, however, people embraced Lazarus's words and the meanings they suggested for the Statue of Liberty and the United States. Within its 14 lines, she expressed the open-handed, warm-hearted attitude she believed would always make America singular among the nations; a land desiring nothing more than to
Send me, the huddled masses yearning to breathe free . . .
the wretched refuse of your teeming shore, and to
send these, the homeless, Tempest-tossed to me.
Lazarus’ words represent the hope and the spirit of both the America of 1883 and that of the future. Emma was what might be termed a “professional idealist”; one who saw the good in that long road ahead which would provide a constant stream of new, ambitious, hard-working Americans. What she did not see (or perhaps refused to contemplate) was just how mangled and rutted that road would be. Take as but one atrocious example, the Johnson Act of 1924 (also called "The Johnson-Reed” or “National Origins” Act). In that fateful year (1924), President Calvin Coolidge signed the act which limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. It completely excluded immigrants from Asia. This act effectively cut immigration from Eastern Europe to next to nothing; in 1890, there weren’t nearly as many people emigrating from places like Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, etc. as in 1900. Without having to say so, the bill was aimed against Jewish immigrants. Publicly, supporters of the bill (which wasn’t changed until 1952), claimed that its chief intent was "to preserve the ideal of U.S. homogeneity.”
Although the word “homogeneity” is rarely - if ever - used in discussing immigration today, it is still a lurking shadow. Just this past Wednesday, the State Department announced that it would “pause immigrant visa processing from 75 countries whose migrants take welfare from the American people at unacceptable rates.” The countries affected include Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Among other measures taken to slash legal immigration in 2025, the Trump administration imposed travel restrictions or entry bans on people from 39 countries. Plot all of these countries on a map—newly targeted and old—and you will see that most of Africa, large swaths of Asia, and much of the Muslim world are now unwelcome. Western Europe is unscathed. Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose (that’s French for “The more things change, the more they remain the same.”)
Today, there is so much rationalizing about keeping “them” out of America because they are mostly “escapees from prisons and insane asylums” (factually untrue); “get free health insurance and free public education” (first one false, second one true); “don’t pay taxes” (WRONG); and “won’t learn English.” This last one is particularly perplexing. I know from being married to an ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher that the government-funded program (both state and federal) under whose aegis she taught for many, many years, was totally defunded by the very people who now hold a lack of English literacy against her students.
My wife, Annie, is an immigrant. She and her mom and dad (who was a Holocaust survivor from a small town in Poland) moved to the United States from Argentina in 1969, immediately went to work, paid taxes, learned English, went to class several times a week, studied hard, passed their U.S. History and Civics Test, and became proud citizens. It was no piece of cake . . . ah, but the pride of becoming an American citizen was - and still is - palpable. (Ironically, yesterday was the 45th anniversary of Annie’s raising her hand and becoming a citizen). On my side of the family, things were quite different: our parents, grandparents (save 1) and great-grandparents were all native-born Americans living in both the midwest (Minnesota and Missouri) and South (Maryland and Virginia). There were no tests to take; being citizens was their birthright.
It’s actually quite difficult to become a naturalized American citizen. In order to get just a taste of what it takes, I would like to suggest that you go to look over and try taking the American citizenship test required of all those seeking citizenship. It has 128 questions. Please go to the site, bone up and take the test. And if you are of a mind, please let me know how you did.
It never ceases to amaze me how little many “real Americans” know about American history, our system of government, or our founding documents. Many of these unlettered folk make it perfectly clear that the solution to any and all of America’s problems is deportation . . . of “illegals,” of those who are “merely” residents, and even, in some cases, of those who are citizens. What they wish, more than anything is that America go back to being a “melting pot.” Ah! There’s a term with an interesting history and a meaning rarely understood.
Originally, The Melting Pot was a play by the Anglo-Jewish playwright/novelist Israel Zangwill . . . often called the “Jewish Charles Dickens.” He was known for his poems, short stories, novels, plays, and the first “closed-room” murder mystery, The Big Bow Mystery. The Melting Post, ostensibly a love story between a Jew and a Gentile, was really propaganda for the concept of the United States as a great crucible in which newcomers shed their old-world ways and emerged as ‘shiny, brand-new Americans,’ as one reviewer put it. Both Zangwill and his play were so well-respected, that at its October 5, 1908 opening-night performance at Washington, D.C’s Capitol Theatre, Zangwill’s escort was none other than President Theodore Roosevelt. The play is still being staged in 2026, nearly 120 years later.
But there is a problem with the very concept of America as a “melting pot.” When different metals are put into a pot then melted down, each metal loses its identity; it becomes a completely new amalgamation. In metallurgy, this is no problem; when it comes to sociology, anthropology or the human sciences, it can carry more than a whiff of eugenics . . . a form of scientific racism. Simply stated a human “melting pot” creates a new entity wherein the various ingredients (in this case people from diverse cultures, histories, religions and language groups) become something which “civic scientists” think is best. To listen to many these days, the ideal (or “real”) American is white English-speaking Christian. That is what “The Great Replacement Theory” (a conspiracy theory if ever there was one) is all about. To my way of thinking, the better goal is the creation of a “salad bowl” - a single entity (a salad) - wherein the various constituent ingredients going into the makeup of that single entity are still easily identifiable . . . the lettuce, the cucumbers, the endive, radishes, tomatoes, nuts, cheeses, etc. America is best when its citizens and residents maintain a hyphenated identity.
Immigration has long helped make the United States the unique treasure it is. Many immigrants to our shores have begun their lives here working at jobs few wanted. With time, strong work ethics, and the desire to get ahead, they moved up the ladder, raising their families, paying their taxes and becoming citizens. Statistics have shown that - in contradistinction to what narrow-minded bigots claim - immigrants (whether documented or not) have a lower legal offending rate than U.S. born citizens. They have slightly higher birth rates than U.S.-born citizens which, at a time when the TFR (total fertility rate) is dropping, can be a positive good. Those who have made the danger of illegal immigration THE issue in political campaigns (think ICE and its many crimes against human beings) are not doing what is best for the American polity, society, economy or morality.
As a Mexican-American friend of mine - a man who started life as a campesino picking lettuce in the Salinas Valley, got a college education, became a civil engineer and eventually ran for the United States Congress - said to me on more than one occasion: Never, ever forget hijo . . . Columbus didn't discover America; the native Americans discovered Columbus. That’s what makes this country great!
PLEASE, PLEASE: DO GIVE THE American citizenship test A LOOK-SEE AND, IF YOU WISH, SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCE WITH ME !
Copyright©2026 Kurt Franklin Stone